The disease of the brain is chronic and progressive in nature. There is a disturbance in memory, thinking, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, and orientation. Also, social interaction, emotional regulation,  and motivation also get deteriorated.

• Alzheimer’s disease
• Vascular dementia
• Parkinson’s disease

Misuse of substances leads to excessive dependence on substances or behaviours like alcohol, cannabis, gaming, porn videos, and smartphone use. The addiction results in agitation, hyperactivity, and sometimes even withdrawn and introverted behaviour.

• Alcohol addiction
• Gaming addiction
• Smoking addiction
• Phone addiction
• Porn addiction

Schizoid personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive condition characterized by social isolation and feeling of indifference toward other people. They are happy in their own world and tend to avoid people.

Paranoid personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive condition characterised by a lack of trust and suspicion about others without adequate reasons.

Anxious avoidant personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive condition characterised by extreme anxiety and fear in decision making, leading them to avoid their activities

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive condition characterised by extreme perfectionism in everything which they do and others do. They feel a severe need to impose their high standards on others.

Narcissistic personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive condition characterised by an inflated sense of self-importance, deep need for excessive attention and self-admiration and lack of empathy for others

Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive condition characterised by impulsive, violence, irresponsible and lack of empathy. They are very manipulative and have high risk-taking behaviours.

Dependent personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive condition characterised by being submissive and unable to make decisions about himself. They feel helpless in doing things on their own.

Schizophrenia is characterised by distorted thinking and perceptions and inappropriate emotions. There is the presence of self-talking, and self- smiling as a result of hallucinations and delusions. The thoughts, feelings and actions are often felt to be shared by others.

• Poor self-care
• Hallucinations
• Delusions
• Suspiciousness
• Sudden anger outburst
• Poor socio-occupational functions

Depression is feelings of sadness, tiredness and/or a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed earlier. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease your ability to function at work and at home.

• Low self-confidence
• Sleep disturbances
• Sudden anger
• Concentration difficulty
• Appetite disturbance
• Death wishes/Ideas of self-harm or suicidal ideas

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs and lows. When a person becomes low in his/her mood which is depression, he/she may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When mood shifts to mania or hypomania one may feel full of energy or unusually irritable. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behaviour and the ability to think clearly.

• Low mood
• High mood
• Talkative
• High energy

Individuals have intense, irrational, excessive and persistent worry and fear about specific or general situations. 

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)-Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, images, or impulses experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and causing severe anxiety or distress. When this happens, the person tries to suppress these thoughts, images or impulses with some thought, or actions. These are called compulsions. Compulsions are practised in order to prevent or reduce distress. An individual who suffers from OCD finds these thoughts and actions irrational but he cannot stop himself from doing them.

• Excessive cleaning and washing
• Excessive need for symmetry or exactness
• Hoarding
• Excessive concern about contamination or illness
• Excessive concern about harming others or self-harm
• Religious Obsessions
• Sexual Obsessions

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is when an individual worry about everything and every time about himself and others who are close to him. The worry is out of proportion to the actual circumstance, is difficult to control and affects how you feel physically. It often occurs along with other anxiety disorders or depression.

• Excessive worry about future
• Physiological overactivity

Panic disorder– involves repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear or terror that reach a peak within minutes, called panic attacks. One may have feelings of impending doom, shortness of breath, chest pain, or a rapid, fluttering or pounding heart. Some might feel that they are going to collapse from a heart attack or stroke.

• Excessive anxiety attack
• Fear whether it will occur again
• Avoids places and tries to prevent the next episode

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)– High anxiety or highly stressful reaction as a result of trauma which one may have gone through or witnessed. The person who suffers from this trauma relives the same incident through dreams, memories with numbness and emotional reactivity.

• Flashback of trauma
• High emotions or emotional blunt
• Shock experience

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)– Individual has high levels of anxiety, fear and avoidance of social situations due to feelings of shame, self-consciousness and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.

• Fear of social places
• Fear of judgement
• Fear of making mistakes
• Performance anxiety

Insomnia, in which you have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep throughout the night. There is early insomnia and late insomnia. Sleep apnea, in which one experiences abnormal patterns in breathing while you are asleep.

Anorexia Nervosa-Deliberate weight loss, induced by a person by avoidance of food, or self-induced vomiting.

Bulimia Nervosa-Repeated overeating or craving for food and then practices self-induced vomiting to control his weight.

Sexual dysfunction can occur in different phases. The desire disorder is a lack of sexual desire or interest in sex. The arousal disorder is the inability to become physically aroused or excited during sexual activity. The orgasm disorder is the delay or absence of orgasm (climax). The pain disorder is the pain during intercourse.